Singer 411G stitching issues

I bought this machine on the price alone, and thought I'd start by cleaning it. After cleaning it wasn't stitching well, so I assumed (correctly) that something I did had caused it to go out of balance.

The 411G has gold accents

The symptoms were that threads were nesting badly in the bobbin area. After perusing the 401 service manual thanks to Sewing Dude (https://sewingdude.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/singer-401-service-manual1.pdf page 131), I decided to go through and check the clearances for the bobbin case (which seemed very loose even before I cleaned it) and anything else in the bobbin area.

So this is the procedure:

Remove the needle, remove the presser foot, slide the slide plate (1) back, lift and remove the stitch plate (2).

If you want to (it's not necessary) you can also remove the slide plate. It's just like the 66 and 99. Put down the platform that holds the stitch plate then slide the plate back until it clears the spring.

You should now see this (without the arrows of course)

You will need a set of narrow feeler gauges to check the clearance. If you don't have any, you'll need to get some or guess the gap.

Narrow feeler gauges

Using the picture with the arrows, check the gap marked 1. It should be 12-14 thousandths of an inch (thou). If it's not in that range, go on to check 2, the vertical clearance between the hook and the spring, 16-18 thou. These are both adjusted at the same time, by loosening the two screws marked by thick white arrows and moving it until the clearance is right, then re-tighten the screws.

Once you've done this, check 3, the distance between the bobbin case and the spring. If this is not between 12 and 14 thou, adjust it. The adjustment is easy, but you first need to remove the machine's plastic base (two screws), exposing the locking screw (see picture below).

lock screw for adjusting bobbin case clearance

Once you've loosened it, you can turn the screw to the right of the bobbin spring (see below) which is eccentric and will increase or decrease the gap. 

Once this clearance is right, perform a test sew. My machine was made to sew at full speed with a very narrow stitch length and making a pattern, the ultimate test. It didn't skip any stitches or even hint of bunching up. Machines like this that do everything are a lot more complex than, say, a 15 or 201 so they need more attention and are harder to get to, but with the right resources (mostly just knowledge) you can keep them in top condition. 

Another problem was varying speed during sewing. This means that the foot controller's carbon pile needs a clean. This is a horrible job, so I replaced the controller. Later on I pulled out a Japanese electronic controller I've had for a few years and that was even better, because apparently you can leave these plugged in without any heating (the 411's controller was also quite hot when I changed it). The electronic replacement required a little soldering.

It's now almost perfect. The last job is to see why the motor is noisy. A drop of tri-flow was suggested on another blog, but it hasn't quietened it, so I'm thinking I'll have to remove and disassemble. Not a job I'm looking forward to, since it's completely enclosed, but I'll do it and let you know of any obstacles.

Singer 320K2

Can't believe I haven't posted about this. My first sewing machine was a 319k. I loved that thing (you can see it in previous posts). However, they're really common and after buying a couple more for their bits (e.g. double needle) I saw a picture of a 320k. This was the free arm version of the 319! Only about 5,000 of these were ever made, and I think most of them must have come to Australia. Four were auctioned last week on that auction site. I looked for over a year before finding one and bought a second a couple of weeks ago, during the 320k extravaganza of the Winter of 2014. The first one was more than perfectly adequate, but the second was listed as not working, cheap and had both the darning and straight stitch plates that mine didn't have.
Seems the only way you'll ever obtain anything as rare as these plates is to buy the machine too, so I bought a second one.
I used the first quite a bit, then when readying it for sale I made it like new again (as you do). The lady who bought it last Saturday was extremely happy with her purchase. I told her she could get her money back if she ever sold it. She narrowed her brow as if I'd just sworn at her. "I'll never sell it" she said. I absolutely love selling to people like her, who value them like I do.

I gave her one pack each of sizes 12 and 14 needles, darning foot, embroidery hoop, twin needle, the latter 3 are extremely rare.
The replacement came with a litany of problems. It had been set up for a 15x1 needle, which meant the hook timing would be out (which it was) and until re-set it wouldn't stitch properly, one of the motor brushes was broken in two, it had been re-wired wrongly so it would never have worked and someone had disassembled and reassembled the motor, but left out the part that stops the motor from flopping about and killing itself (that's what it sounded like - very loud banging as it worked). As if that weren't enough he took ages to send it and when he did, the packaging consisted of having a broken down cardboard box wrapped around the outside and nothing at all to prevent the insides from moving, so the fashion disc box was broken in transit. Miraculously nothing else was broken. After a few days of working at it, it sews quite well (although not perfect yet). Both machines were made in 1959.
Something that puts a lot of people off these Singers is that they use the 206x13 needle. Only Schmetz makes them and today they only make sizes 12 and 14. My friend's OSMG (old sewing machine guy) said that he modifies them to take a 15x1 needle. When my jaw dropped he said he doesn't change the hook timing but removes a small amount of metal from the bobbin case - the part the needle hits. Good idea, and this is the only way you could get away with using a 15x1 needle without ruining the stitch quality.
I'm now thinking of getting him to do this on a spare bobbin case and trying it out. There are no needles available for this machine if you want to sew heavy fabrics like denim (although I still have about 5 size 16s, they're not replaceable), but the machine is more than capable of handling it, so such a modification would be worth testing. Obviously I'll let you know the result.

Jeans from a modern pattern

This was scary. Not only had to cut the pattern out, but what are all those lines for?? In The Great British Sewing Bee some contestants freaked out when they were presented with an unprinted pattern. I laughed in a superior fashion of course, but life takes its revenge as usual and presented me with a modern one.

Burda 7050

It was for the daughter of course. She's a funny shape, being 11 and all, so I chose the U.S. size 8, but went up two sizes at the waist. Re-sizing the pattern was such a traumatic experience and I couldn't have done it without the in-house pattern maker. Next I made a "Toile" (pron. "twahl") out of spare fabric (I used off cuts I bought at an op shop) and fitted it for waist width and leg length (and width). Changed the pattern and cut out the denim. Here's the toile fitting:

She wanted the flared legs, unfortunately, so they stayed.
Apparently there's no way a modern domestic machine will sew denim the way my vintage machines did. They just powered through it until I got to the buttonholes.
I was chuffed that I had the 411g and the key hole buttonholer attachment until I attempted to do this. I broke three needles: Four layers of denim is too heavy for the attachment to drag around so I lifted the weight away. It still wouldn't move the fabric so I assisted and this bent the needle just enough to deflect it right onto the needle plate as it descended. Tried various ways of making it easier for the 411 then gave up on it. Took the coffin lid from the 1891 VS2 treadle and attached the 1950s buttonholer. A few minutes later I was looking at several perfect buttonholes! Yes, ol' faithful came through for me again.

The belt was also made. Pattern maker had a kit from the 1970s or '80s for a belt, so I made it out of leftover denim. It looked so good I didn't recognise it the next day, thinking she'd gotten a proper one from her mum's.

The back

and the front

They look amazingly good, and it wasn't because I'm in any way great at sewing: Burda really know what they're doing. Clever Germans. They incorporated couture techniques into the instructions so you can't fail.
The main technique (which I'd adopted anyway) is to hand baste before machine sewing. I read somewhere that you should pin, hand baste then sew (by machine) so that's what I've done for a while now, and I have to say it's a lot easier to get a good result. Slow and steady wins the race. No longer am I interested in short cuts to get a garment finished quickly: It always leads to something I'm not proud of, or having to re-do over and over so it was never going to be worth it.